Before modern electromagnetic motors, experimental motors that worked by electrostatic force were investigated. The first electric motors were simple electrostatic devices described in experiments by Scottish monk Andrew Gordon and American experimenter Benjamin Franklin in the 1740s.[2][3] The theoretical principle behind them, Coulomb’s law, was discovered but not published, by Henry Cavendish in 1771. This law was discovered independently by Charles-Augustin de Coulomb in 1785, who published it so that it is now known with his name.[4] Due to the difficulty of generating the high voltages they required, electrostatic motors were never used for practical purposes.
The invention of the electrochemical battery by Alessandro Volta in 1799[5] made possible the production of persistent electric currents. Hans Christian Ørsted discovered in 1820 that an electric current creates a magnetic field, which can exert a force on a magnet. It only took a few weeks for André-Marie Ampère to develop the first formulation of the electromagnetic interaction and present the Ampère’s force law, that described the production of mechanical force by the interaction of an electric current and a magnetic field.[6]
The first demonstration of the effect with a rotary motion was given by Michael Faraday on 3 September 1821 in the basement of the Royal Institution.[7] A free-hanging wire was dipped into a pool of mercury, on which a permanent magnet (PM) was placed. When a current was passed through the wire, the wire rotated around the magnet, showing that the current gave rise to a close circular magnetic field around the wire.[8] Faraday published the results of his discovery in the Quarterly Journal of Science, and sent copies of his paper along with pocket-sized models of his device to colleagues around the world so they could also witness the phenomenon of electromagnetic rotations.[7] This motor is often demonstrated in physics experiments, substituting brine for (toxic) mercury. Barlow’s wheel was an early refinement to this Faraday demonstration, although these and similar homopolar motors remained unsuited to practical application until late in the century.
In 1827, HungarianphysicistÁnyos Jedlik started experimenting with electromagnetic coils. After Jedlik solved the technical problems of continuous rotation with the invention of the commutator, he called his early devices “electromagnetic self-rotors”. Although they were used only for teaching, in 1828 Jedlik demonstrated the first device to contain the three main components of practical DC motors: the stator, rotor and commutator. The device employed no permanent magnets, as the magnetic fields of both the stationary and revolving components were produced solely by the currents flowing through their windings.[10][11][12][13][14][15][16]
In 2022, electric motor sales were estimated to be 800 million units, increasing by 10% annually. Electric motors consume ≈50% of the world’s electricity.[48] Since the 1980s, the market share of DC motors has declined in favor of AC motors.[49]: 89 [clarification needed]
A motorcycle (motorbike, bike, or, if three-wheeled, a trike) is a two or three-wheeled motor vehicle steered by a handlebar from a saddle-style seat.[1][2][3]
Motorcycle design varies greatly to suit a range of different purposes: long-distance travel, commuting, cruising, sport (including racing), and off-road riding. Motorcycling is riding a motorcycle and being involved in other related social activities such as joining a motorcycle club and attending motorcycle rallies.
The 1885 Daimler Reitwagen made by Gottlieb Daimler and Wilhelm Maybach in Germany was the first internal combustion, petroleum-fueled motorcycle. In 1894, Hildebrand & Wolfmüller became the first series production motorcycle.[4][5]
Globally, motorcycles are comparably popular to cars as a method of transport. In 2021, approximately 58.6 million new motorcycles were sold around the world,[6] fewer than the 66.7 million cars sold over the same period.[7]
In 2022, the top four motorcycle producers by volume and type were Honda, Yamaha, Kawasaki, and Suzuki.[8] In developing countries, motorcycles are considered utilitarian due to lower prices and greater fuel economy. Of all the motorcycles in the world, 58% are in the Asia-Pacific and Southern and Eastern Asia regions, excluding car-centric Japan.[citation needed]
According to the US Department of Transportation, the number of fatalities per vehicle mile traveled was 37 times higher for motorcycles than for cars.[9] New technology being created today aims to reduce or eliminate rider injuries and accidents. Stay tuned!
THE EMERGING MOTORCYCLE SAFETY TECHNOLOGIES TO HELP PREVENT ACCIDENTS
The auto industry has added new technology to cars that will help motorists be more aware of motorcyclists. Front crash prevention could aid with stopping motorcycles from being rear-ended. Front crash prevention also includes blind spot and lane maintenance detection systems. These systems weren’t designed especially for motorcyclists but have a two-fold benefit. The statistics show that fatal two-vehicle/motorcycle crashes could be reduced by 10 percent by having all these technologies. Another new technology in the works is an automatic alcohol breath test of the driver. Lack of awareness of the motorcycle, or the driver’s ability to react is impaired is one of the main causes of motorcycle accidents. This new system is called Driver Alcohol Detection System for Safety (DADSS) Program. DADSS needs to be seriously tested for performance standards before being released to car makers, and even then, it will be offered as a safety option. Besides testing breath, a blood alcohol reading could be tested through the skin when the start button is pressed. If the driver’s alcohol level is 0.08 percent or higher, the vehicle won’t start. Any technology will never replace the need for proper helmets and other protective gear worn by the motorcyclist.
New Technology for Motorcycles
Honda is experimenting with a new technology for motorcycles. If an automobile is fitted with similar technology, the driver of the car will be alerted that a motorcycle is coming out of a side street up ahead and be prepared to slow down. This new technology was presented at the 19th World ITS (Intelligent Transportation Systems) Congress, held in Vienna in October. Honda, Yamaha, and BMW are working together on a new technology for motorcycles that will warn the cyclist of road hazards up ahead. An advance warning about road conditions, accidents up ahead, and heavy traffic could give the motorcyclist time to slow down and be alert to what is coming on the road ahead. Bikes will be able to communicate with other vehicles with this technology system. The collaboration among these three manufacturers is called Connected Motorcycle Consortium. They hope for a joint effort with more manufacturers, to help in developing the technology they call Cooperative-intelligent Transport Systems (C-ITS) for motorcycles. It’s not as easy as transporting the technology used by automobiles to motorcycles. There isn’t the same required space on a bike, and motorcycles have different driving dynamics to consider. Electronic systems need to be smaller and be resistant to water, dust, and vibration. The software development and algorithms need to think about special needs.
High-Tech Helmets
Jarvis, a Taiwanese firm, is developing the most techno-packed motorcycle helmets ever seen. The helmets are fully carbon fiber, called X and X-AR, and are already serving hundreds of police officers in Taiwan. The smart helmet is equipped with a 2K built-in front camera, built-in speakers and microphone, a rear camera. The X-AR also has a head-up display unit that shows information on speed, weather conditions, and navigation. The X helmet can also receive audible directions. Both helmets use voice activation. The CEO of Jarvis has reiterated that the X and X-AR helmets don’t replace smart, safe riding.
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The eponymous track “General Public” was the first single released from the album, peaking at No. 60 on the UK Singles Chart in 1984.[3] Later in the year, the band fared even better in North America, where their second single “Tenderness” was a Top 30 hit in Canada (No. 11) and the US (No. 27). The song’s success benefited from appearing in the John Hughes films Sixteen Candles (1984) and Weird Science (1985) from the time period, and it would later appear in Amy Heckerling‘s Clueless (1995) and in the horror film Devil’s Due (2014).
